Foundations and Adult Health Nursing 8th Ed Test Bank
The book “Foundations and Adult Health Nursing, 8th Edition” equips readers with the essential skills required for clinical practice. This comprehensive guide to fundamentals and medical-surgical nursing for the LPN/LVN encompasses a wide range of topics, including anatomy and physiology, nursing interventions, and maternity, neonatal, pediatric, geriatric, mental health, and community healthcare. The guidelines for patient care are presented within the context of the nursing process, while Nursing Care Plans are illustrated using case-study format, enabling readers to develop clinical decision-making skills. The book has an approachable and friendly writing style and provides review questions that are clearly written, making it an ideal resource for preparing for the NCLEX-PN® examination.
Table of Contents
- Unit I Fundamentals of Nursing
- 1 The Evolution of Nursing
- History of Nursing and Nursing Education
- Care of the Sick During Early Civilization
- Changes in Nursing During the 20th Century
- Significant Changes in Nursing for the 21st Century
- Development of Practical and Vocational Nursing
- Contemporary Practical and Vocational Nursing Education
- Career Advancement
- Factors That Influenced Practical and Vocational Nursing
- Licensure for Practical and Vocational Nursing
- Health Care Delivery Systems
- Delivery of Patient Care
- Nursing Care Models
- Contemporary Practical and Vocational Nursing Care
- Practical and Vocational Nursing Defined
- Objectives and Characteristics of Practical and Vocational Nursing Education
- Roles and Responsibilities
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- 2 Legal and Ethical Aspects of Nursing
- Legal Aspects of Nursing
- Ethical Aspects of Nursing
- Conclusion
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- 3 Documentation
- Purposes of Patient Records
- Electronic Health Record
- SBAR
- Basic Guidelines for Documentation
- Methods of Recording
- Documentation and Clinical (Critical) Pathways
- Home Health Care Documentation
- Long-Term Health Care Documentation
- Special Issues in Documentation
- Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
- 4 Communication
- Overview of Communication
- Styles of Communication
- Establishing a Therapeutic Relationship
- Communication Techniques
- Factors That Affect Communication
- Blocks to Communication
- Nursing Process
- Communication in Special Situations
- Conclusion
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- 5 Nursing Process and Critical Thinking
- Assessment Data
- Diagnosis
- Goal Identification
- Planning
- Implementation
- Evaluation
- Standardized Languages: NANDA-I, NIC, and NOC
- Role of the Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurse
- Managed Care and Clinical Pathways
- Critical Thinking
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- 6 Cultural and Ethnic Considerations
- Culture Defined
- Reference
- Culturally Related Assessments
- Nursing Process and Cultural Factors
- Cultural Practices of Specific Groups
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- Unit II Fundamentals of Clinical Practice
- 7 Asepsis and Infection Control
- Asepsis
- Infection
- Health Care–Associated Infections
- Infection Prevention and Control Team
- Standard Precautions
- Isolation Technique
- Surgical Asepsis
- Cleaning, Disinfection, and Sterilization
- Patient Teaching for Infection Prevention and Control
- Infection Prevention and Control for Home and Hospice Settings
- Nursing Process
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- 8 Body Mechanics and Patient Mobility
- Reference
- Use of Appropriate Body Mechanics
- Positioning of Patients
- Mobility Versus Immobility
- Neurovascular Function
- Performance of Range-of-Motion Exercises
- Moving the Patient
- Nursing Process for Patient Mobility
- Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
- 9 Hygiene and Care of the Patient’s Environment
- Patient’s Room Environment
- Bathing
- Components of the Patient’s Hygiene
- Reference
- Nursing Process for Hygiene
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- 10 Safety
- Safety in the Hospital or Health Care Environment
- Workplace Safety
- Fire Safety
- Accidental Poisoning
- Disaster Planning
- Terrorism
- Nursing Process for Patient Safety
- Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
- 11 Admission, Transfer, and Discharge
- Common Patient Reactions to Admission to a Health Care Facility
- Cultural Considerations for the Hospitalized Patient or Long-Term Care Resident
- Admitting a Patient
- Nursing Process for Patient Admission
- Transferring a Patient
- Nursing Process for Patient Transfer
- Discharging a Patient
- Nursing Process for Patient Discharge
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- Unit III Introduction to Nursing Interventions
- 12 Vital Signs
- Guidelines for Obtaining Vital Signs
- Temperature
- Auscultating With the Stethoscope
- Pulse
- Respiration
- Blood Pressure
- Height and Weight
- Nursing Process
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- 13 Physical Assessment
- Signs and Symptoms
- Disease and Diagnosis
- Assessment
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- 14 Oxygenation
- Standard Steps in Selected Skills
- Skills for Respiratory Disorders
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- 15 Elimination and Gastric Intubation
- Standard Steps in Selected Skills
- Skills for Urinary Tract Procedures
- Skills for Gastrointestinal Procedures
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- 16 Care of Patients Experiencing Urgent Alterations in Health
- Obtaining Medical Emergency Aid
- Moral and Legal Responsibilities of the Nurse
- Assessment of the Emergency Situation
- Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
- Procedures to Manage Airway Obstruction by a Foreign Body
- Shock
- Bleeding and Hemorrhage
- Wounds and Trauma
- Poisons
- Drug and Alcohol Emergencies
- Thermal and Cold Emergencies
- Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries
- Burn Injuries
- Nursing Process
- Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
- 17 Dosage Calculation and Medication Administration
- Mathematics and Dosage Calculation Review
- Mathematics Review and Principles
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- 18 Fluids and Electrolytes
- Fluids (Water)
- Fluid Compartments
- Intake and Output
- Movement of Fluid and Electrolytes
- Passive Transport
- Active Transport
- Acid-Base Balance
- Types of Acid-Base Imbalance
- Intravenous Therapy
- Blood Transfusion Therapy
- Nursing Process
- Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
- 19 Nutritional Concepts and Related Therapies
- Role of the Nurse in Promoting Nutrition
- Basic Nutrition
- Life Cycle Nutrition
- Medical Nutrition Therapy and Therapeutic Diets
- Nutritional Support
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- 20 Complementary and Alternative Therapies
- Herbal Therapy
- Chiropractic Therapy
- Acupuncture and Acupressure
- Healing Touch, Therapeutic Touch, and Reiki
- Therapeutic Massage
- Aromatherapy
- Reflexology
- Magnet Therapy
- Imagery
- Relaxation Therapy
- Animal-Assisted Therapy
- Yoga
- Taiji
- Biofeedback
- Marijuana and Cannabinoids
- Integrative Medicine and the Nursing Role
- Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
- 21 Pain Management, Comfort, Rest, and Sleep
- Pain
- Sleep and Rest
- Nursing Process for Pain Management, Comfort, Rest, and Sleep
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- 22 Surgical Wound Care
- Wound Classification
- Wound Healing
- Surgical Wound
- Standard Steps in Wound Care
- Care of the Incision
- Complications of Wound Healing
- Staple and Suture Removal
- Exudate and Drainage
- Bandages and Binders
- Nursing Process
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- 23 Specimen Collection and Diagnostic Testing
- Diagnostic Examination
- Specimen Collection
- Electrocardiography
- Nursing Process for Specimen Collection and Diagnostic Testing
- Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
- Unit IV Nursing Care Across the Lifespan
- 24 Lifespan Development
- Health Promotion Across the Lifespan
- Growth and Development
- Family
- Stages of Growth and Development
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- 25 Loss, Grief, Dying, and Death
- Changes in Health Care Related to Dying and Death
- Historical Overview
- Grief
- Nursing Process in Loss and Grief
- Special Supportive Care
- Issues Related to Dying and Death
- Dying Patient
- Grieving Family
- Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
- 26 Health Promotion and Pregnancy
- Physiology of Pregnancy
- Maternal Physiology
- Antepartal Assessment
- Determination of Pregnancy
- Antepartal Care
- Preparation for Childbirth
- Nursing Process for Normal Pregnancy
- Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
- 27 Labor and Delivery
- Birth Planning
- Normal Labor
- Labor and Delivery
- Nursing Assessment and Interventions
- Nursing Process for Normal Labor
- Medical Interventions
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- 28 Care of the Mother and Newborn
- Anatomic and Physiologic Changes of the Mother
- Transfer From the Recovery Area
- Nursing Assessment of and Interventions for the Mother
- Maintenance of Safety
- Psychosocial Assessment
- Nursing Process for the Postpartum Mother
- Anatomy and Physiology of the Healthy Newborn
- Nursing Assessment and Interventions for the Newborn
- Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
- 29 Care of the High-Risk Mother, Newborn, and Family With Special Needs
- Complications of Pregnancy
- Bleeding Disorders
- Complications Related to Infection
- Complications Related to Existing Medical Conditions
- Complications Related to Age
- Adoption
- Contraception
- Postpartum Thrombophlebitis
- Complications Related to the Newborn
- Complications Related to Postpartum Mental Health Disorders
- Nursing Process for the Mother and Newborn at Risk
- Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
- 30 Health Promotion for the Infant, Child, and Adolescent
- Healthy People 2020
- Dental Health
- Injury Prevention
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- 31 Basic Pediatric Nursing Care
- History of Child Care: Then and Now
- Pediatric Nursing
- Physical Assessment of the Pediatric Patient
- Factors That Influence Growth and Development
- Child Maltreatment
- Hospitalization of a Child
- Common Pediatric Procedures
- Safety
- Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
- 32 Care of the Child With a Physical and Mental or Cognitive Disorder
- Physical Disorders
- Mental and Cognitive Disorders
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- 33 Health Promotion and Care of the Older Adult
- Health and Wellness in the Aging Adult
- Healthy Aging
- Psychosocial Concerns of the Older Adult
- Aging Body
- Safety and Security Issues for Older Adults
- Continuum of Older Adult Care
- Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
- Unit V Fundamentals of Mental Health Nursing
- 34 Concepts of Mental Health
- Historical Overview
- Basic Concepts Related to Mental Health
- How Illness Affects Mental Health
- Crisis
- Application of the Nursing Process
- Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
- 35 Care of the Patient With a Psychiatric Disorder
- Types of Psychiatric Disorders
- Treatment Methods
- Application of the Nursing Process
- Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
- 36 Care of the Patient With an Addictive Personality
- Addiction
- Stages of Dependence
- Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
- Drug Abuse
- Chemically Impaired Nurses
- Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
- Unit VI Fundamentals of Community Health Nursing
- 37 Home Health Nursing
- Home Health Care Defined
- Historical Overview
- Types of Home Care Agencies
- Changes in Home Health Care
- Service Components
- Typical Home Health Process
- Quality Assurance, Assessment, and Improvement
- Reimbursement Sources
- Cultural Considerations
- Nursing Process for Home Health Care
- Conclusion
- Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
- 38 Long-Term Care
- Settings for Long-Term Care
- Safety Issues in the Long-Term Care Setting
- Nursing Process
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- 39 Rehabilitation Nursing
- Need for Rehabilitation
- Chronic Illness and Disability
- Scope of Individuals Requiring Rehabilitation
- Goals of Rehabilitation
- Cornerstones of Rehabilitation
- Comprehensive Rehabilitation Plan
- Rehabilitation Team
- Family and Family-Centered Care
- Cross-Cultural Rehabilitation
- Issues in Rehabilitation
- Chronic Conditions Necessitating Rehabilitation Therapy
- Polytrauma and Rehabilitation Nursing
- Disability
- Pediatric Rehabilitation Nursing
- Gerontologic Rehabilitation Nursing
- Conclusion
- Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
- 40 Hospice Care
- Historical Overview
- Palliative Versus Curative Care
- Criteria for Admission to Hospice
- Goals of Hospice
- Interdisciplinary Team
- Palliative Care/Hospice
- Patient and Caregiver Teaching
- Ethical Issues in Hospice Care
- Future of Hospice Care
- Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
- Unit VII Adult Health Nursing
- 41 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology
- Anatomical Terminology
- Abdominal Regions
- Abdominopelvic Quadrants
- Structural Levels of Organization
- Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
- 42 Care of the Surgical Patient
- Perioperative Nursing
- Preoperative Phase
- Intraoperative Phase
- Postoperative Phase
- Nursing Process for the Surgical Patient
- Discharge: Providing General Information
- Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
- 43 Care of the Patient With an Integumentary Disorder
- Anatomy and Physiology of the Skin
- Assessment of the Skin
- Psychosocial Assessment
- Pressure Injuries
- Viral Disorders of the Skin
- Bacterial Disorders of the Skin
- Fungal Infections of the Skin
- Inflammatory Disorders of the Skin
- Parasitic Diseases of the Skin
- Tumors of the Skin
- Disorders of the Appendages
- Burns
- Nursing Process for the Patient With an Integumentary Disorder
- Patient Problem
- Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
- 44 Care of the Patient With a Musculoskeletal Disorder
- Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System
- Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
- 45 Care of the Patient With a Gastrointestinal Disorder
- Disorders of the Mouth
- Disorders of the Esophagus
- Disorders of the Stomach
- Disorders of the Intestines
- Reference
- Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
- 46 Care of the Patient With a Gallbladder, Liver, Biliary Tract, or Exocrine Pancreatic Disorder
- Laboratory and Diagnostic Examinations in the Assessment of the Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Systems
- Disorders of the Liver, Biliary Tract, Gallbladder, and Exocrine Pancreas
- Nursing Process for the Patient with a Gallbladder, Liver, Biliary Tract, or Exocrine Pancreatic Disorder
- Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
- 47 Care of the Patient With a Blood or Lymphatic Disorder
- Disorders of the Hematologic System
- Disorders of the Lymphatic System
- Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
- 48 Care of the Patient With a Cardiovascular or a Peripheral Vascular Disorder
- Disorders of the Cardiovascular System
- Disorders of the Heart
- Disorders of the Peripheral Vascular System
- Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
- 49 Care of the Patient With a Respiratory Disorder
- Assessment of the Respiratory System
- Disorders of the Upper Airway
- Disorders of the Lower Airway
- Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
- 50 Care of the Patient With a Urinary Disorder
- Disorders of the Urinary System
- Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
- 51 Care of the Patient With an Endocrine Disorder
- Disorders of the Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis)
- Disorders of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
- Disorders of the Adrenal Glands
- Disorders of the Pancreas
- Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
- 52 Care of the Patient With a Reproductive Disorder
- Disturbances of Menstruation
- Inflammatory and Infectious Disorders of the Female Reproductive Tract
- Disorders of the Female Reproductive System
- Cancer of the Female Reproductive Tract
- Disorders of the Female Breast
- Inflammatory and Infectious Disorders of the Male Reproductive System
- Disorders of Male Genital Organs
- Cancer of the Male Reproductive Tract
- Sexually Transmitted Infections
- Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
- 53 Care of the Patient With a Sensory Disorder
- Anatomic Structures and Physiologic Functions of the Visual System
- Disorders of the Eye
- Anatomy and Physiology of the Ear
- Nursing Considerations for Care of the Patient With an Ear Disorder
- Disorders of the Ear
- Other Special Senses
- Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
- 54 Care of the Patient With a Neurologic Disorder
- Common Disorders of the Neurologic System
- Other Disorders of the Neurologic System
- Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
- 55 Care of the Patient With an Immune Disorder
- Disorders of the Immune System
- Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
- 56 Care of the Patient With HIV
- Nursing and the History of HIV Disease
- Transmission of HIV
- Pathophysiology
- Spectrum of HIV Infection
- Laboratory and Diagnostic Examinations
- Therapeutic Management
- Nursing Interventions
- Prevention of HIV Infection
- Outlook
- Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
- 57 Care of the Patient With Cancer
- Oncology
- Development, Prevention, and Detection of Cancer
- Hereditary Cancers
- Cancer Prevention and Early Detection
- Pathophysiology of Cancer
- Diagnosis of Cancer
- Cancer Therapies
- Advanced Cancer
- Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
- Unit VIII From Graduate to Professional
- 58 Professional Roles and Leadership
- Functioning as a Graduate
- Transition From Student to Graduate
- Licensure Examination
- Nurse Practice Acts
- State Board of Nursing
- Mentoring and Networking
- Career Opportunities
- Leadership and Management
- Malpractice Insurance
- Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination!
- Appendixes
- Appendix A Abbreviations
- Appendix B Laboratory Reference Values*
- appendix C Answers to Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination
- References
- Glossary
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